Biological control of emerging forest diseases: How can we move from dreams to reality?

نویسندگان

چکیده

Biological control (BC) is defined as the use of living natural enemies, antagonists, or competitors (biological agents) to other organisms. In second half last century, general interest in BC has increased considerably because greater environmental awareness society and implementation integrated pest management (IPM) strategies have pushed towards development environmentally friendly approaches. However, still only rarely used for pathogens (fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematodes, phytoplasmas) forest trees. Here, we present discuss biological specificities both hosts fungal which may account this situation. To increase likelihood success, suggest a holistic approach involving top-down regulators, amensalists, all exerting pressure on pathogen, well bottom-up forces helping host (e.g., endophytes, mycorrhiza). Moreover, mitigate emerging diseases should be fully into sustainable strategies. Finally, propose guidelines developing an efficient

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Forest Ecology and Management

سال: 2021

ISSN: ['0378-1127', '1872-7042']

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119377